[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
PROSPECTS FOR PASTORALISM IN
KAZAKSTAN AND TURKMENISTAN
Dismantling the Soviet Union had rarely-examined effects on remote rural families.
Nomadic pastoralists had been collectivised into state farms to build industrialised
livestock production. In a ‘second Revolution’, independence in1991 brought new
policies removing most state support and control. Pastoral families now choose how
to manage rangeland and livestock, but with options restricted by deteriorating
economies. Few pastoralists may survive this restructuring, yet they possess skills
of irreplaceable value for rangeland and livestock management.
The book documents these impacts in Kazakstan and Turkmenistan, through
multidisciplinary field studies during 1998–2000. Topics covered: agrarian reform;
vegetation dynamics; livestock nutrition, productivity, grazing patterns, marketing
and income; land degradation; institutions for managing pasture and animals. The
fourteen authors, of whom five are Central Asian, include social anthropologists,
animal scientists, economists, pasture agronomists and climate ecologists.
State farm dissolution has encouraged a variety of new institutions for managing
livestock, land and markets with emerging socio-economic differentiation due to
unequal access to resources and markets. Destocking and reduced livestock mobility
has altered the locus of overgrazing, which was widespread in the Soviet period,
with some pastures regenerating.
Contrasting prospects for pastoralism are drawn for each country. Swift
decollectivisation in Kazakstan resulted in massive destocking and impoverishment.
The future for small-scale pastoralists in Kazakstan is not promising. The Turkmen
government has pursued a gradualist policy that may be more beneficial for
pastoralists. The book offers suggestions for strengthening the pastoral economies.
The book will appeal to those interested in how pastoralists have coped with
radical change, to researchers on range and livestock in semi-arid areas, and to
policy analysts of transition in the former Soviet Union.
Carol Kerven
is a Research Associate at Macaulay Institute, Aberdeen.
CENTRAL ASIA RESEARCH FORUM
Series Editor: Shirin Akiner
School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Other titles in the series:
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
IN CENTRAL ASIA
Edited by Shirin Akiner, Sander Tideman and
John Hay
THE HEART OF ASIA
A history of Russian Turkestan and the
Central Asian Khanates from the earliest
times
Frances Henry Skrine and Edward Denison Ross
QAIDU AND THE RISE OF
THE INDEPENDENT
MONGOL STATE IN CENTRAL
ASIA
Michal Biran
THE CASPIAN
Politics, energy and security
Edited by Shirin Akiner and Anne Aldis
ISLAM AND COLONIALISM
Western perspectives on Soviet Asia
Will Myer
TAJIKISTAN
Edited by Mohammad-Reza Djalili, Frederic
Gare and Shirin Akiner
AZERI WOMEN IN TRANSITION
Women in Soviet and post-Soviet
Azerbaijan
Farideh Heyat
UZBEKISTAN ON THE
THRESHOLD OF THE
TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
Tradition and survival
Islam Karimov
THE POST-SOVIET DECLINE OF
CENTRAL ASIA
Sustainable development and
comprehensive capital
Eric Sievers
TRADITION AND SOCIETY IN
TURKMENISTAN
Gender, oral culture and song
Carole Blackwell
PROSPECTS FOR PASTORALISM
IN KAZAKSTAN AND
TURKMENISTAN
From state farms to private flocks
Edited by Carol Kerven
LIFE OF ALIMQUL
A native chronicle of nineteenth century
Central Asia
Edited and translated by Timur Beisembiev
CENTRAL ASIA
History, ethnicity, modernity
Edited by Tom Everrett-Heath
CENTRAL ASIA
Aspects of transition
Edited by Tom Everett-Heath
PROSPECTS FOR
PASTORALISM IN
KAZAKSTAN AND
TURKMENISTAN
From state farms to private flocks
Edited by Carol Kerven
This book is dedicated to the shepherds of Central Asia,
and to those who work on their behalf
First published 2003
by RoutledgeCurzon, an imprint of Taylor & Francis
11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by RoutledgeCurzon
29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005.
“To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s
collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.”
RoutledgeCurzon is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group
© 2003 Carol Kerven for selection and editorial matter;
the contributors for their chapters
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in
any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing
from the publishers.
The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to
the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept
any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catalog record for this book has been requested
ISBN 0-203-98747-0 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN 0–700–71699–8
(Print Edition)
[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
zanotowane.pl doc.pisz.pl pdf.pisz.pl adbuxwork.keep.pl
PROSPECTS FOR PASTORALISM IN
KAZAKSTAN AND TURKMENISTAN
Dismantling the Soviet Union had rarely-examined effects on remote rural families.
Nomadic pastoralists had been collectivised into state farms to build industrialised
livestock production. In a ‘second Revolution’, independence in1991 brought new
policies removing most state support and control. Pastoral families now choose how
to manage rangeland and livestock, but with options restricted by deteriorating
economies. Few pastoralists may survive this restructuring, yet they possess skills
of irreplaceable value for rangeland and livestock management.
The book documents these impacts in Kazakstan and Turkmenistan, through
multidisciplinary field studies during 1998–2000. Topics covered: agrarian reform;
vegetation dynamics; livestock nutrition, productivity, grazing patterns, marketing
and income; land degradation; institutions for managing pasture and animals. The
fourteen authors, of whom five are Central Asian, include social anthropologists,
animal scientists, economists, pasture agronomists and climate ecologists.
State farm dissolution has encouraged a variety of new institutions for managing
livestock, land and markets with emerging socio-economic differentiation due to
unequal access to resources and markets. Destocking and reduced livestock mobility
has altered the locus of overgrazing, which was widespread in the Soviet period,
with some pastures regenerating.
Contrasting prospects for pastoralism are drawn for each country. Swift
decollectivisation in Kazakstan resulted in massive destocking and impoverishment.
The future for small-scale pastoralists in Kazakstan is not promising. The Turkmen
government has pursued a gradualist policy that may be more beneficial for
pastoralists. The book offers suggestions for strengthening the pastoral economies.
The book will appeal to those interested in how pastoralists have coped with
radical change, to researchers on range and livestock in semi-arid areas, and to
policy analysts of transition in the former Soviet Union.
Carol Kerven
is a Research Associate at Macaulay Institute, Aberdeen.
CENTRAL ASIA RESEARCH FORUM
Series Editor: Shirin Akiner
School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Other titles in the series:
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
IN CENTRAL ASIA
Edited by Shirin Akiner, Sander Tideman and
John Hay
THE HEART OF ASIA
A history of Russian Turkestan and the
Central Asian Khanates from the earliest
times
Frances Henry Skrine and Edward Denison Ross
QAIDU AND THE RISE OF
THE INDEPENDENT
MONGOL STATE IN CENTRAL
ASIA
Michal Biran
THE CASPIAN
Politics, energy and security
Edited by Shirin Akiner and Anne Aldis
ISLAM AND COLONIALISM
Western perspectives on Soviet Asia
Will Myer
TAJIKISTAN
Edited by Mohammad-Reza Djalili, Frederic
Gare and Shirin Akiner
AZERI WOMEN IN TRANSITION
Women in Soviet and post-Soviet
Azerbaijan
Farideh Heyat
UZBEKISTAN ON THE
THRESHOLD OF THE
TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
Tradition and survival
Islam Karimov
THE POST-SOVIET DECLINE OF
CENTRAL ASIA
Sustainable development and
comprehensive capital
Eric Sievers
TRADITION AND SOCIETY IN
TURKMENISTAN
Gender, oral culture and song
Carole Blackwell
PROSPECTS FOR PASTORALISM
IN KAZAKSTAN AND
TURKMENISTAN
From state farms to private flocks
Edited by Carol Kerven
LIFE OF ALIMQUL
A native chronicle of nineteenth century
Central Asia
Edited and translated by Timur Beisembiev
CENTRAL ASIA
History, ethnicity, modernity
Edited by Tom Everrett-Heath
CENTRAL ASIA
Aspects of transition
Edited by Tom Everett-Heath
PROSPECTS FOR
PASTORALISM IN
KAZAKSTAN AND
TURKMENISTAN
From state farms to private flocks
Edited by Carol Kerven
This book is dedicated to the shepherds of Central Asia,
and to those who work on their behalf
First published 2003
by RoutledgeCurzon, an imprint of Taylor & Francis
11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by RoutledgeCurzon
29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005.
“To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s
collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.”
RoutledgeCurzon is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group
© 2003 Carol Kerven for selection and editorial matter;
the contributors for their chapters
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in
any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing
from the publishers.
The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to
the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept
any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catalog record for this book has been requested
ISBN 0-203-98747-0 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN 0–700–71699–8
(Print Edition)
[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]